The Main Threats to Nepal's Biodiversity

The main threats to Nepal's biodiversity are (Nepal Biodiversity Strategy, 2002):

• Encroachment/fragmentation and degradation of habitat
• Poaching and illegal trade of key wild animals and plants
• Unsustainable use of natural resources
• The spread of invasive alien plant species
• Human-wildlife conflict
• Climate change (direct impacts)
• Overgrazing by livestock
• Fire, flood, and landslide
• Pollution of aquatic environments and changes in river flows'
• Large infrastructure development

While the above mentioned are direct threats, there is the number of indirect drivers and root causes that interact in complex ways to cause human-induced changes in biodiversity.
Indirect drivers including

• Inequitable access to forest benefits, 
• Lack of economic alternatives, 
• Population growth,
• Cultural and religious factors that influence local communities' behavior in ways that impact biodiversity, and 
• Climate change is having increasing impacts on people and nature, in some cases exacerbating indirect drivers of biodiversity loss.